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A Maximum Likelihood Method for Detecting Directional Evolution in Protein Sequences and its Application to Influenza A Virus.

by: Sergei L L Kosakovsky Pond, Art F Y F Poon, Andrew J J Leigh Brown, Simon D W D Frost
Molecular biology and evolution (29 May 2008)


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We develop a model-based phylogenetic maximum likelihood test for evidence of preferential substitution towards a given residue at individual positions of a protein alignment - Directional Evolution of Protein Sequences (DEPS). DEPS can identify both the target residue and sites evolving towards it, help detect selective sweeps and frequency dependent selection - scenarios that confound most existing tests for selection, and achieves good power and accuracy on simulated data. We applied DEPS to alignments representing different genomic regions of Influenza A virus (IAV), sampled from avian hosts (H5N1 serotype) and human hosts (H3N2 serotype) and identified multiple directionally evolving sites in 5/8 genomic segments of H5N1 and H3N2 IAV. We propose a simple descriptive classification of directionally evolving sites into 5 groups based on the temporal distribution of residue frequencies, and document known functional correlates, such as immune escape or host adaptation.


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