Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop

@article{citeulike:1366138, abstract = {Background: The anterior cingulate cognitive division (ACcd) plays a central role in attentional processing by: 1) modulating stimulus selection (i.e., focusing attention) and/or 2) mediating response selection. We hypothesized that ACcd dysfunction might therefore contribute to producing core features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely inattention and impulsivity. ADHD subjects have indeed shown performance deficits on the Color Stroop, an attentional/cognitive interference task known to recruit the ACcd. Recently, the Counting Stroop, a Stroop-variant specialized for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), produced ACcd activation in healthy adults. In the present fMRI study, the Counting Stroop was used to examine the functional integrity of the ACcd in ADHD. Methods: Sixteen unmedicated adults from two groups (8 with ADHD and 8 matched control subjects) performed the Counting Stroop during fMRI. Results: While both groups showed an interference effect, the ADHD group, in contrast to control subjects, failed to activate the ACcd during the Counting Stroop. Direct comparisons showed ACcd activity was significantly higher in the control group. ADHD subjects did activate a frontostriatal-insular network, indicating ACcd hypoactivity was not caused by globally poor neuronal responsiveness. Conclusions: The data support a hypothesized dysfunction of the ACcd in ADHD.}, author = {Bush, George and Frazier, Jean A. and Rauch, Scott L. and Seidman, Larry J. and Whalen, Paul J. and Jenike, Michael A. and Rosen, Bruce R. and Biederman, Joseph }, citeulike-article-id = {1366138}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, keywords = {adhd, cingulate}, month = {June}, number = {12}, pages = {1542--1552}, posted-at = {2007-06-13 00:43:49}, priority = {0}, title = {Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T4S-3WP2KR0-3/2/0e003c2d2381f5e60c625b90b26250e7}, volume = {45}, year = {1999} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1366138 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1366138 TI - Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop JF - Biological Psychiatry VL - 45 IS - 12 SP - 1542 EP - 1552 N2 - Background: The anterior cingulate cognitive division (ACcd) plays a central role in attentional processing by: 1) modulating stimulus selection (i.e., focusing attention) and/or 2) mediating response selection. We hypothesized that ACcd dysfunction might therefore contribute to producing core features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely inattention and impulsivity. ADHD subjects have indeed shown performance deficits on the Color Stroop, an attentional/cognitive interference task known to recruit the ACcd. Recently, the Counting Stroop, a Stroop-variant specialized for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), produced ACcd activation in healthy adults. In the present fMRI study, the Counting Stroop was used to examine the functional integrity of the ACcd in ADHD. Methods: Sixteen unmedicated adults from two groups (8 with ADHD and 8 matched control subjects) performed the Counting Stroop during fMRI. Results: While both groups showed an interference effect, the ADHD group, in contrast to control subjects, failed to activate the ACcd during the Counting Stroop. Direct comparisons showed ACcd activity was significantly higher in the control group. ADHD subjects did activate a frontostriatal-insular network, indicating ACcd hypoactivity was not caused by globally poor neuronal responsiveness. Conclusions: The data support a hypothesized dysfunction of the ACcd in ADHD. KW - adhd KW - cingulate AU - Bush, George AU - Frazier, Jean AU - Rauch, Scott AU - Seidman, Larry AU - Whalen, Paul AU - Jenike, Michael AU - Rosen, Bruce AU - Biederman, Joseph PY - 1999/06/15/ UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T4S-3WP2KR0-3/2/0e003c2d2381f5e60c625b90b26250e7 ER -