Striking association between urinary cadmium level and albuminuria among Torres Strait Islander people with diabetes.

@article{citeulike:2855807, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Indigenous people of the Torres Strait (Australia) have greater potential for cadmium exposure and renal damage than other Australians due to high cadmium in some traditional seafood and a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity. This study explored associations between albuminuria and an index of cadmium exposure (urinary cadmium excretion) in the presence and absence of Type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two population-based, cross-sectional studies were undertaken in the Torres Strait to obtain data on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, chronic disease, smoking, urinary cadmium, and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). RESULTS: Age- and BMI-adjusted urinary cadmium levels were significantly higher (p<0.01) among people with diabetes and albuminuria (n=22, geometric mean (GM) 1.91 microg Cd/g creatinine) compared to those with diabetes and normal ACR (n=21, GM 0.74 microg Cd/g creatinine). Urinary cadmium was also strongly associated (p<0.001) with ACR among people with diabetes in regression models and remained significant after controlling for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and hypertension (or continuous systolic and diastolic measurements). CONCLUSIONS: While the study has methodological limitations and the nature of the association is unclear, the striking dose-dependent links between markers of cadmium exposure and of Type 2 diabetic nephropathy highlight the need for further definitive research on the health effects of cadmium in the presence of diabetes.}, address = {North Queensland Health Equalities Promotion Unit, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. Melissa\_haswell@health.qld.gov.au}, author = {Haswell-Elkins, M. and Satarug, S. and O'Rourke, P. and Moore, M. and Ng, J. and McGrath, V. and Walmby, M. }, citeulike-article-id = {2855807}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.10.004}, issn = {0013-9351}, journal = {Environmental research}, keywords = {cadmium, proteinuria, urine}, month = {March}, number = {3}, pages = {379--383}, posted-at = {2008-06-02 05:33:44}, priority = {2}, title = {Striking association between urinary cadmium level and albuminuria among Torres Strait Islander people with diabetes.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.10.004}, volume = {106}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2855807 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2855807 TI - Striking association between urinary cadmium level and albuminuria among Torres Strait Islander people with diabetes. JF - Environmental research VL - 106 IS - 3 SP - 379 EP - 383 AD - North Queensland Health Equalities Promotion Unit, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. Melissa_haswell@health.qld.gov.au SN - 0013-9351 N2 - OBJECTIVES: Indigenous people of the Torres Strait (Australia) have greater potential for cadmium exposure and renal damage than other Australians due to high cadmium in some traditional seafood and a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity. This study explored associations between albuminuria and an index of cadmium exposure (urinary cadmium excretion) in the presence and absence of Type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two population-based, cross-sectional studies were undertaken in the Torres Strait to obtain data on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, chronic disease, smoking, urinary cadmium, and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). RESULTS: Age- and BMI-adjusted urinary cadmium levels were significantly higher (p<0.01) among people with diabetes and albuminuria (n=22, geometric mean (GM) 1.91 microg Cd/g creatinine) compared to those with diabetes and normal ACR (n=21, GM 0.74 microg Cd/g creatinine). Urinary cadmium was also strongly associated (p<0.001) with ACR among people with diabetes in regression models and remained significant after controlling for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and hypertension (or continuous systolic and diastolic measurements). CONCLUSIONS: While the study has methodological limitations and the nature of the association is unclear, the striking dose-dependent links between markers of cadmium exposure and of Type 2 diabetic nephropathy highlight the need for further definitive research on the health effects of cadmium in the presence of diabetes. KW - cadmium KW - proteinuria KW - urine AU - Haswell-Elkins, M AU - Satarug, S AU - O'Rourke, P AU - Moore, M AU - Ng, J AU - McGrath, V AU - Walmby, M PY - 2008/03// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.10.004 ER -