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Biomarker candidates for cardiovascular disease and bone metabolism disorders in chronic kidney disease: A systems biology perspective.

by: Paul Perco, Julia Wilflingseder, Andreas Bernthaler, Martin Wiesinger, Michael Rudnicki, Barbara Wimmer, Bernd Mayer, Rainer Oberbauer
J Cell Mol Med (8 February 2008)


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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) show a panel of partially deregulated serum markers indicative for bone metabolism disorders and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an overview of currently reported biomarker candidates at the interface of kidney disease, bone metabolism disorders and cardiovascular diseases, and gives details on their functional interplay on the level of protein-protein interaction data. We retrieved 13 publications from 1999 to 2006 reporting 31 genes associated with cardiovascular diseases, and 46 genes associated with bone metabolism disorders in patients with CKD. We identified these genes to be functionally involved in signal transduction processes, cell communication, immunity and defense, as well as skeletal development. On the basis of the given set of 77 genes further 276 interacting proteins were identified using reference data on known protein interactions. Their functional interplay was estimated by linking properties reflected by gene expression data characterizing chronic kidney disease, gene ontology terms as provided by the gene ontology consortium, and transcription factor binding site profiles. Highly connected sub-networks of proteins associated with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, or bone metabolism disorders were detected involving proteins like collagens (COL1A1, COL1A2), fibronectin (FN1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), or components of fibrinogen (FGA, FGB, FGG). A systems biology approach provides a methodological framework for linking singular biomarker candidates towards deriving functional dependencies between clinically interlinked diseases.


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