Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Offspring Studyby: Kyla M Shea, Sarah L Booth, Joseph M Massaro, Paul F Jacques, Ralph B D'Agostino, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Jose M Ordovas, Christopher J O'Donnell, Sekar Kathiresan, John F Keaney, Ramachandran S Vasan, Emelia J Benjamin
Am. J. Epidemiol., Vol. 167, No. 3. (1 February 2008), pp. 313-320.
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AbstractIn vitro data suggest protective roles for vitamins K and D in inflammation. To examine associations between vitamins K and D and inflammation in vivo, the authors used multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride concentrations, use of aspirin, use of lipid-lowering medication, season, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy. Participants were from the Framingham Offspring Study (19972001; n = 1,381; mean age = 59 years; 52% women). Vitamin K status, measured by plasma phylloquinone concentration and phylloquinone intake, was inversely associated with circulating inflammatory markers as a group and with several individual inflammatory biomarkers (p < 0.01). Percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a functional measure of vitamin K status, was not associated with overall inflammation but was associated with C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Although plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with urinary isoprostane concentration, an indicator of oxidative stress (p < 0.01), overall associations between vitamin D status and inflammation were inconsistent. The observation that high vitamin K status was associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers suggests that a possible protective role for vitamin K in inflammation merits further investigation. 10.1093/aje/kwm306
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