Five rules for the evolution of cooperation.

by: MA Nowak

Science, Vol. 314, No. 5805. (8 December 2006), pp. 1560-1563.

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Abstract

Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.

@article{citeulike:1022500, abstract = {Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.}, address = {Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. martin\_nowak@harvard.edu}, author = {Nowak, M. A. }, citeulike-article-id = {1022500}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133755}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {evolutionary\_dynamics}, month = {December}, number = {5805}, pages = {1560--1563}, posted-at = {2007-11-23 19:09:59}, priority = {4}, title = {Five rules for the evolution of cooperation.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133755}, volume = {314}, year = {2006} }

RIS record

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1022500 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1022500 TI - Five rules for the evolution of cooperation. JF - Science VL - 314 IS - 5805 SP - 1560 EP - 1563 AD - Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. martin_nowak@harvard.edu SN - 1095-9203 N2 - Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation. KW - evolutionary_dynamics AU - Nowak, MA PY - 2006/12/08/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133755 ER -

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