Distribution of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution staining in brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks in the dog.

@article{citeulike:3023268, abstract = {Objective To determine the influence on the distribution of the volume of a local anaesthetic-methylene blue solution at three different nerve block sites in the dog. Study design Randomized, controlled, blinded experimental trial. Animals 23 hound-cross dogs weighing 16-40 kg and aged 2 +/- 0 years (mean +/- SD). Methods Dogs were anaesthetized and randomly assigned to three groups of seven or eight dogs each, based on volume administered: low, medium and high volume (L, M and H). Using electrolocation, the injection was performed after a positive response was elicited (flexion of the elbow for the brachial plexus block, quadriceps contractions for the lumbar plexus and dorsiflexion/plantar extension of the foot for the sciatic nerve block). At the brachial plexus site, groups L, M and H received 0.075, 0.15 and 0.3 mL kg(-1), respectively. At the lumbar plexus site, groups L, M and H received 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mL kg(-1), respectively. At the proximal sciatic nerve site, groups L, M and H received 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mL kg(-1), respectively. Necropsies were performed immediately following euthanasia. Staining of >/=2 cm along the nerve was considered sufficient; the proportions sufficient were compared with Fisher's exact test. The volume was recommended when all the relevant nerves were stained sufficiently in all or all but one of the dogs within the group. Results In the brachial plexus, only in group H were all the nerves stained sufficiently. In the lumbar plexus site, no statistical difference was found, but we suggest the H group volume to balance sufficient and excessive staining. At the sciatic nerve site, all volumes tested produced sufficient staining in all (or all but one) dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance Volumes of 0.3 and 0.05 mL kg(-1) produced sufficient distribution for performing brachial plexus, and sciatic nerve blocks, respectively. Additionally, a volume of 0.4 mL kg(-1) might also be adequate for a lumbar plexus block (no statistical significance was reached).}, address = {Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.}, author = {Campoy, Luis and Martin-Flores, Manuel and Looney, Andrea L L. and Erb, Hollis N N. and Ludders, John W W. and Stewart, Jennifer E E. and Gleed, Robin D D. and Asakawa, Makoto }, citeulike-article-id = {3023268}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00390.x}, issn = {1467-2987}, journal = {Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia}, keywords = {anesthesia, july-08, local}, month = {March}, posted-at = {2008-07-21 00:28:22}, priority = {3}, title = {Distribution of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution staining in brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks in the dog.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00390.x}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:3023268 L3 - citeulike-article-id:3023268 N2 - Objective To determine the influence on the distribution of the volume of a local anaesthetic-methylene blue solution at three different nerve block sites in the dog. Study design Randomized, controlled, blinded experimental trial. Animals 23 hound-cross dogs weighing 16-40 kg and aged 2 +/- 0 years (mean +/- SD). Methods Dogs were anaesthetized and randomly assigned to three groups of seven or eight dogs each, based on volume administered: low, medium and high volume (L, M and H). Using electrolocation, the injection was performed after a positive response was elicited (flexion of the elbow for the brachial plexus block, quadriceps contractions for the lumbar plexus and dorsiflexion/plantar extension of the foot for the sciatic nerve block). At the brachial plexus site, groups L, M and H received 0.075, 0.15 and 0.3 mL kg(-1), respectively. At the lumbar plexus site, groups L, M and H received 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mL kg(-1), respectively. At the proximal sciatic nerve site, groups L, M and H received 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mL kg(-1), respectively. Necropsies were performed immediately following euthanasia. Staining of >/=2 cm along the nerve was considered sufficient; the proportions sufficient were compared with Fisher's exact test. The volume was recommended when all the relevant nerves were stained sufficiently in all or all but one of the dogs within the group. Results In the brachial plexus, only in group H were all the nerves stained sufficiently. In the lumbar plexus site, no statistical difference was found, but we suggest the H group volume to balance sufficient and excessive staining. At the sciatic nerve site, all volumes tested produced sufficient staining in all (or all but one) dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance Volumes of 0.3 and 0.05 mL kg(-1) produced sufficient distribution for performing brachial plexus, and sciatic nerve blocks, respectively. Additionally, a volume of 0.4 mL kg(-1) might also be adequate for a lumbar plexus block (no statistical significance was reached). JF - Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia SN - 1467-2987 AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. TI - Distribution of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution staining in brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks in the dog. KW - anesthesia KW - july-08 KW - local AU - Campoy, Luis AU - Martin-Flores, Manuel AU - Looney, Andrea L AU - Erb, Hollis N AU - Ludders, John W AU - Stewart, Jennifer E AU - Gleed, Robin D AU - Asakawa, Makoto PY - 2008/03/18/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00390.x ER -