Thu, 24 Jul 2008 20:20:17 BST CiteULike: stefanherzog empathy http://www.citeulike.org/user/stefanherzog/tag/empathy CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/stefanherzog/article/746297 <i>Science, Vol. 312, No. 5782. (30 June 2006), pp. 1967-1970.</i><br /><br />Empathy is thought to be unique to higher primates, possibly to humans alone. We report the modulation of pain sensitivity in mice produced solely by exposure to their cagemates, but not to strangers, in pain. Mice tested in dyads and given an identical noxious stimulus displayed increased pain behaviors with statistically greater co-occurrence, effects dependent on visual observation. When familiar mice were given noxious stimuli of different intensities, their pain behavior was influenced by their neighbor's status bidirectionally. Finally, observation of a cagemate in pain altered pain sensitivity of an entirely different modality, suggesting that nociceptive mechanisms in general are sensitized. 10.1126/science.1128322 Social Modulation of Pain as Evidence for Empathy in Mice Dale Langford Sara Crager Zarrar Shehzad Shad Smith Susana Sotocinal Jeremy Levenstadt Mona Chanda Daniel Levitin Jeffrey Mogil doi:10.1126/science.1128322 Science, Vol. 312, No. 5782. (30 June 2006), pp. 1967-1970. 2006-07-07T21:50:31-00:00 2006 Science 312 5782 1967 1970 animal empathy mice pain http://www.citeulike.org/user/stefanherzog/article/312617 <i>Neuropsychologia, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Perspective-taking is a stepping stone to human empathy. When empathizing with another individual, one can imagine how the other perceives the situation and feels as a result. To what extent does imagining the other differs from imagining oneself in similar painful situations? In this functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants were shown pictures of people with their hands or feet in painful or non-painful situations and instructed to imagine and rate the level of pain perceived from different perspectives. Both the Self's and the Other's perspectives were associated with activation in the neural network involved in pain processing, including the parietal operculum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA32) and anterior insula. However, the Self-perspective yielded higher pain ratings and involved the pain matrix more extensively in the secondary somatosensory cortex, the ACC (BA 24a'/24b'), and the insula proper. Adopting the perspective of the Other was associated with specific increase in the posterior cingulate/precuneus and the right temporo-parietal junction. These results show the similarities between Self- and Other-pain representation, but most interestingly they also highlight some distinctiveness between these two representations, which is a crucial aspect of human empathy. It may be what allows us to distinguish empathic responses to others versus our own personal distress. These findings are consistent with the view that empathy does not involve a complete Self-Other merging. Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain Philip Jackson Eric Brunet Andrew Meltzoff Jean Decety doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.015 Neuropsychologia, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2005-09-07T13:11:50-00:00 Neuropsychologia In Press, Corrected Proof empathy fmri neuroscience pain social-neuroscience