Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:24:18 BST CiteULike: nelmor Zhang http://www.citeulike.org/user/nelmor/author/Zhang CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/nelmor/article/1430319 <i>Nat Neurosci, Vol. 7, No. 6. (June 2004), pp. 581-582.</i><br /><br />Although nicotine activation of dopamine release is implicated in addiction, it also desensitizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), leading to a prolonged depression of evoked dopamine release. Here we show that nicotine's effects depend on the firing pattern of dopamine neurons, so that while desensitization of nAChRs indeed curbs dopamine released by stimuli emulating tonic firing, it allows a rapid rise in dopamine from stimuli emulating phasic firing patterns associated with incentive/salience paradigms. Nicotine may thus enhance the contrast of dopamine signals associated with behavioral cues. Frequency-dependent modulation of dopamine release by nicotine. H Zhang D Sulzer doi:10.1038/nn1243 Nat Neurosci, Vol. 7, No. 6. (June 2004), pp. 581-582. 2007-07-03T09:47:54-00:00 2004 Nat Neurosci 1097-6256 7 6 581 582 acetylcholine dopamine drugs nicotine striatum http://www.citeulike.org/user/nelmor/article/1421811 <i>Science, Vol. 316, No. 5833. (29 June 2007), pp. 1901-1904.</i><br /><br />Drosophila melanogaster can make appropriate choices among alternative flight options on the basis of the relative salience of competing visual cues. We show that this choice behavior consists of early and late phases; the former requires activation of the dopaminergic system and mushroom bodies, whereas the latter is independent of these activities. Immunohistological analysis showed that mushroom bodies are densely innervated by dopaminergic axons. Thus, the circuit from the dopamine system to mushroom bodies is crucial for choice behavior in Drosophila. 10.1126/science.1137357 Dopamine-Mushroom Body Circuit Regulates Saliency-Based Decision-Making in Drosophila Ke Zhang Jian Guo Yueqing Peng Wang Xi Aike Guo doi:10.1126/science.1137357 Science, Vol. 316, No. 5833. (29 June 2007), pp. 1901-1904. 2007-06-29T08:23:23-00:00 2007 Science 316 5833 1901 1904 aversive decision dopamine flies insects