Sun, 20 Jul 2008 13:38:12 BST CiteULike: mbregman no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/tag/no-tag CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/2621743 <i>Science, Vol. 134 (1961), pp. 2011-2017.</i> Computer simulation of human thought A Newell HA Simon Science, Vol. 134 (1961), pp. 2011-2017. 2008-04-02T01:28:20-00:00 1961 Science 134 2011 2017 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/1813038 <i>Commun. ACM, Vol. 19, No. 3. (March 1976), pp. 113-126.</i> Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search Allen Newell Herbert Simon doi:10.1145/360018.360022 Commun. ACM, Vol. 19, No. 3. (March 1976), pp. 113-126. 2007-10-23T22:20:40-00:00 1976 Commun. ACM 0001-0782 19 3 113 126 ACM Press no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/884653 <i>Neuron, Vol. 40, No. 6. (18 December 2003), pp. 1063-1073.</i><br /><br />It is well-known that chemical synaptic transmission is an unreliable process, but the function of such unreliability remains unclear. Here I consider the hypothesis that the randomness of synaptic transmission is harnessed by the brain for learning, in analogy to the way that genetic mutation is utilized by Darwinian evolution. This is possible if synapses are "hedonistic," responding to a global reward signal by increasing their probabilities of vesicle release or failure, depending on which action immediately preceded reward. Hedonistic synapses learn by computing a stochastic approximation to the gradient of the average reward. They are compatible with synaptic dynamics such as short-term facilitation and depression and with the intricacies of dendritic integration and action potential generation. A network of hedonistic synapses can be trained to perform a desired computation by administering reward appropriately, as illustrated here through numerical simulations of integrate-and-fire model neurons. Learning in Spiking Neural Networks by Reinforcement of Stochastic Synaptic Transmission Sebastian Seung doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00761-X Neuron, Vol. 40, No. 6. (18 December 2003), pp. 1063-1073. 2006-10-05T12:48:49-00:00 2003 Neuron 40 6 1063 1073 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/769171 <i>Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 7, No. 8., pp. 663-678.</i> Path integration and the neural basis of the 'cognitive map' Bruce Mcnaughton Francesco Battaglia Ole Jensen Edvard Moser May-Britt Moser doi:10.1038/nrn1932 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 7, No. 8., pp. 663-678. 2006-07-21T19:08:00-00:00 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1471-003X 7 8 663 678 Nature Publishing Group no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/2236229 <i>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 4, No. 3. (1944), pp. 341-376.</i> The Semantic Conception of Truth: and the Foundations of Semantics Alfred Tarski Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 4, No. 3. (1944), pp. 341-376. 2008-01-15T20:08:32-00:00 1944 Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 3 341 376 no-tag