Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:35:40 BST CiteULike: kmcolo Wu http://www.citeulike.org/user/kmcolo/author/Wu CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/kmcolo/article/2353319 <i>Science, Vol. 319, No. 5864. (8 February 2008), pp. 756-760.</i><br /><br />Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world. 10.1126/science.1150195 Global Change and the Ecology of Cities Nancy Grimm Stanley Faeth Nancy Golubiewski Charles Redman Jianguo Wu Xuemei Bai John Briggs doi:10.1126/science.1150195 Science, Vol. 319, No. 5864. (8 February 2008), pp. 756-760. 2008-02-08T13:09:57-00:00 2008 Science 319 5864 756 760 climate_change ecosystem ecosystem_services peri-urban urbanization http://www.citeulike.org/user/kmcolo/article/749633 <i>Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111 (7 July 2006), D13103.</i><br /><br />Many have made efforts to clarify the climatic significance of stable isotopic variations in ice cores around central Asia through the study of stable isotopes in present-day precipitation. A new shallow ice core from Muztagata, in the eastern Pamirs, allows for a detailed comparison of annual δ¹⁸O variation with local meteorological data as well as with global air temperature variations. On the basis of a comparison of seasonal fluctuations of δ¹⁸O in the local precipitation, the 41.6-m ice core drilled at 7010 m provides a record of about one-half century. The annual fluctuations of δ¹⁸O in this ice core are in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.67) with the annual air temperature changes at the nearby meteorological station Taxkorgen, indicating that the isotopic record from this ice core is a reliable temperature trend indicator. The most important discovery from the δ¹⁸O variation of this ice core is a rapid warming trend in the 1990s, which is consistent with a general global warming trend over this time period. This recent rapid warming at higher elevations in this area has led to the quick retreat of alpine glaciers. Recent rapid warming trend revealed from the isotopic record in Muztagata ice core, eastern Pamirs Lide Tian Tandong Yao Zhen Li Kenneth Macclune Guangjian Wu Baiqing Xu Yuefang Li Anxian Lu Yongping Shen doi:10.1029/2005JD006249 Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111 (7 July 2006), D13103. 2006-07-10T19:39:47-00:00 2006 Journal of Geophysical Research 111 D13103 climatechange icecore lide