Thu, 21 Aug 2008 17:20:07 BST CiteULike: jyuh D'Intini http://www.citeulike.org/user/jyuh/author/D'Intini CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/jyuh/article/205289 <i>Seminars in Dialysis, Vol. 18, No. 3. (May 2005), pp. 203-211.</i> Uremic Toxins: A New Focus on an Old Subject Asuman Yavuz Ciro Tetta Fevzi Ersoy Vincent D'Intini Ranistha Ratanarat Massimo De Cal Monica Bonello Valeria Bordoni Gabriella Salvatori Emilio Andrikos Gulsen Yakupoglu Nathan Levin Claudio Ronco doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18313.x Seminars in Dialysis, Vol. 18, No. 3. (May 2005), pp. 203-211. 2005-05-19T19:32:00-00:00 2005 Seminars in Dialysis 0894-0959 18 3 203 211 Blackwell Publishing hd ukm http://www.citeulike.org/user/jyuh/article/2754928 <i>Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN (19 March 2008)</i><br /><br />The evaluation and initial management of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) should include: (1) an assessment of the contributing causes of the kidney injury, (2) an assessment of the clinical course including comorbidities, (3) a careful assessment of volume status, and (4) the institution of appropriate therapeutic measures designed to reverse or prevent worsening of functional or structural kidney abnormalities. The initial assessment of patients with AKI classically includes the differentiation between prerenal, renal, and postrenal causes. The differentiation between so-called "prerenal" and "renal" causes is more difficult, especially because renal hypoperfusion may coexist with any stage of AKI. Using a modified Delphi approach, the multidisciplinary international working group, generated a set of testable research questions. Key questions included the following: Is there a difference in prognosis between volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive AKI? Are there biomarkers whose patterns (dynamic changes) predict the severity and recovery of AKI (maximal stage of AKI, need for RRT, renal recovery, mortality) and guide therapy? What is the best biomarker to assess prospectively whether AKI is volume responsive? What is the best biomarker to assess the optimal volume status in AKI patients? In evaluating the current literature and ongoing studies, it was thought that the answers to the questions posed herein would improve the understanding of AKI, and ultimately patient outcomes. Evaluation and Initial Management of Acute Kidney Injury. Jonathan Himmelfarb Michael Joannidis Bruce Molitoris Miet Schietz Mark D Okusa David Warnock Franco Laghi Stuart L Goldstein Richard Prielipp Chirag R Parikh Neesh Pannu Suzana M Lobo Sudhir Shah Vincent D'Intini John A Kellum doi:10.2215/CJN.04971107 Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN (19 March 2008) 2008-05-05T02:49:37-00:00 2008 Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 1555-905X arf