Sat, 05 Jul 2008 04:08:34 BST CiteULike: briordan linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/tag/linguistic-relativity CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2941840 <i>(2008)</i> Perspectives on Language and Thought: Interrelations in Development (2008) 2008-06-29T16:19:11-00:00 2008 Cambridge University Press linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2689192 <i>Cognition (4 April 2008)</i><br /><br />Languages differ in how they encode motion. When describing bounded motion, English speakers typically use verbs that convey information about manner (e.g., slide, skip, walk) rather than path (e.g., approach, ascend), whereas Greek speakers do the opposite. We investigated whether this strong cross-language difference influences how people allocate attention during motion perception. We compared eye movements from Greek and English speakers as they viewed motion events while (a) preparing verbal descriptions or (b) memorizing the events. During the verbal description task, speakers' eyes rapidly focused on the event components typically encoded in their native language, generating significant cross-language differences even during the first second of motion onset. However, when freely inspecting ongoing events, as in the memorization task, people allocated attention similarly regardless of the language they speak. Differences between language groups arose only after the motion stopped, such that participants spontaneously studied those aspects of the scene that their language does not routinely encode in verbs. These findings offer a novel perspective on the relation between language and perceptual/cognitive processes. They indicate that attention allocation during event perception is not affected by the perceiver's native language; effects of language arise only when linguistic forms are recruited to achieve the task, such as when committing facts to memory. Does language guide event perception? Evidence from eye movements. Anna Papafragou Justin Hulbert John Trueswell doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.02.007 Cognition (4 April 2008) 2008-04-18T18:44:24-00:00 2008 Cognition 0010-0277 eye-movements linguistic-relativity visual-world-paradigm http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2652008 <i>Psychological Science, Vol. 19, No. 4. (April 2008), pp. 314-319.</i> Naming Practices and the Acquisition of Key Biological Concepts: Evidence From English and Indonesian Anggoro K Florencia Waxman R Sandra Medin L Douglas doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02086.x Psychological Science, Vol. 19, No. 4. (April 2008), pp. 314-319. 2008-04-11T05:42:30-00:00 2008 Psychological Science 0956-7976 19 4 314 319 Blackwell Publishing linguistic-relativity word-learning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2537897 <i>Neural Networks, Vol. 21, No. 2-3. ( 2008), pp. 250-256.</i><br /><br />The relationship between thought and language and, in particular, the issue of whether and how language influences thought is still a matter of fierce debate. Here we consider a discrimination task scenario to study language acquisition in which an agent receives linguistic input from an external teacher, in addition to sensory stimuli from the objects that exemplify the overlapping categories that make up the environment. Sensory and linguistic input signals are fused using the Neural Modelling Fields (NMF) categorization algorithm. We find that the agent with language is capable of differentiating object features that it could not distinguish without language. In this sense, the linguistic stimuli prompt the agent to redefine and refine the discrimination capacity of its sensory channels. How language can help discrimination in the Neural Modelling Fields framework Jose Fontanari Leonid Perlovsky doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2007.12.007 Neural Networks, Vol. 21, No. 2-3. ( 2008), pp. 250-256. 2008-03-15T21:53:30-00:00 2008 Neural Networks 21 2-3 250 256 linguistic-relativity machine-learning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2478756 <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (3 March 2008)</i><br /><br />Well over half a century ago, Benjamin Lee Whorf [Carroll JB (1956) Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)] proposed that language affects perception and thought and is used to segment nature, a hypothesis that has since been tested by linguistic and behavioral studies. Although clear Whorfian effects have been found, it has not yet been demonstrated that language influences brain activity associated with perception and/or immediate postperceptual processes (referred hereafter as "perceptual decision"). Here, by using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that brain regions mediating language processes participate in neural networks activated by perceptual decision. When subjects performed a perceptual discrimination task on easy-to-name and hard-to-name colored squares, largely overlapping cortical regions were identified, which included areas of the occipital cortex critical for color vision and regions in the bilateral frontal gyrus. Crucially, however, in comparison with hard-to-name colored squares, perceptual discrimination of easy-to-name colors evoked stronger activation in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, two regions responsible for word-finding processes, as demonstrated by a localizer experiment that uses an explicit color patch naming task. This finding suggests that the language-processing areas of the brain are directly involved in visual perceptual decision, thus providing neuroimaging support for the Whorf hypothesis. Language affects patterns of brain activation associated with perceptual decision. Li Hai Tan Alice H D Chan Paul Kay Pek-Lan Khong Lawrance K C Yip Kang-Kwong Luke doi:10.1073/pnas.0800055105 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (3 March 2008) 2008-03-06T13:16:39-00:00 2008 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1091-6490 linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2467797 <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 9. (4 March 2008), pp. 3221-3225.</i><br /><br />Both adults and infants are faster at discriminating between two colors from different categories than two colors from the same category, even when between- and within-category chromatic separation sizes are equated. For adults, this categorical perception (CP) is lateralized; the category effect is stronger for the right visual field (RVF)left hemisphere (LH) than the left visual field (LVF)right hemisphere (RH). Converging evidence suggests that the LH bias in color CP in adults is caused by the influence of lexical color codes in the LH. The current study investigates whether prelinguistic color CP is also lateralized to the LH by testing 4- to 6-month-old infants. A colored target was shown on a differently colored background, and time to initiate an eye movement to the target was measured. Target background pairs were either from the same or different categories, but with equal target-background chromatic separations. Infants were faster at initiating an eye movement to targets on different-category than same-category backgrounds, but only for targets in the LVFRH. In contrast, adults showed a greater category effect when targets were presented to the RVFLH. These results suggest that whereas color CP is stronger in the LH than RH in adults, prelinguistic CP in infants is lateralized to the RH. The findings suggest that language-driven CP in adults may not build on prelinguistic CP, but that language instead imposes its categories on a LH that is not categorically prepartitioned. 10.1073/pnas.0712286105 From the Cover: Categorical perception of color is lateralized to the right hemisphere in infants, but to the left hemisphere in adults A Franklin GV Drivonikou L Bevis IRL Davies P Kay T Regier doi:10.1073/pnas.0712286105 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 9. (4 March 2008), pp. 3221-3225. 2008-03-04T21:06:25-00:00 2008 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 9 3221 3225 linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/1325341 <i>Cognition (15 May 2007)</i><br /><br />How do we construct abstract ideas like justice, mathematics, or time-travel? In this paper we investigate whether mental representations that result from physical experience underlie people's more abstract mental representations, using the domains of space and time as a testbed. People often talk about time using spatial language (e.g., a long vacation, a short concert). Do people also think about time using spatial representations, even when they are not using language? Results of six psychophysical experiments revealed that people are unable to ignore irrelevant spatial information when making judgments about duration, but not the converse. This pattern, which is predicted by the asymmetry between space and time in linguistic metaphors, was demonstrated here in tasks that do not involve any linguistic stimuli or responses. These findings provide evidence that the metaphorical relationship between space and time observed in language also exists in our more basic representations of distance and duration. Results suggest that our mental representations of things we can never see or touch may be built, in part, out of representations of physical experiences in perception and motor action. Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Daniel Casasanto Lera Boroditsky doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.004 Cognition (15 May 2007) 2007-05-24T16:01:55-00:00 2007 Cognition 0010-0277 linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/1873767 <i>International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol. 11, No. 3. (September 2007), pp. 251-273.</i> Bilingualism and thought: Grammatical gender and concepts of objects in Italian-German bilingual children Bassetti Benedetta International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol. 11, No. 3. (September 2007), pp. 251-273. 2007-11-06T12:26:09-00:00 2007 International Journal of Bilingualism 1367-0069 11 3 251 273 Kingston Press Ltd bilingualism linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/1974793 <i>Psychological Science, Vol. 18, No. 12. (December 2007), pp. 1077-1083.</i> Language Is Not Just for Talking: Redundant Labels Facilitate Learning of Novel Categories Lupyan Gary Rakison H David Mcclelland L James doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02028.x Psychological Science, Vol. 18, No. 12. (December 2007), pp. 1077-1083. 2007-11-24T20:33:35-00:00 2007 Psychological Science 0956-7976 18 12 1077 1083 Blackwell Publishing linguistic-relativity http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/1763799 <i>(2007)</i> Crosslinguistic Influence in Language and Cognition Scott Jarvis Aneta Pavlenko (2007) 2007-10-13T13:12:16-00:00 2007 Routledge linguistic-relativity semantic-organization