Fri, 25 Jul 2008 15:14:53 BST CiteULike: Xavier Kang http://www.citeulike.org/user/Xavier/author/Kang CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/Xavier/article/1366841 <i>Genome Biology, Vol. 8 (05 June 2007), R102.</i> Comparison of Francisella tularensis genomes reveals evolutionary events associated with the emergence of human-pathogenic strains Laurence Rohmer Christine Fong Simone Abmayr Michael Wasnick Theodore Matthew Radey Tina Guina Kerstin Svensson Hillary Hayden Michael Jacobs Larry Gallagher Colin Manoil Robert Ernst Becky Drees Danielle Buckley Eric Haugen Donald Bovee Yang Zhou Jean Chang Ruth Levy Regina Lim Will Gillett Don Guenthener Allison Kang Scott Shaffer Greg Taylor Jinzhi Chen Byron Gallis David D'Argenio Mats Forsman Maynard Olson David Goodlett Rajinder Kaul Samuel Miller Mitchell Brittnacher doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r102 Genome Biology, Vol. 8 (05 June 2007), R102. 2007-06-06T00:28:02-00:00 2007 Genome Biology 1465-6906 8 R102 frank http://www.citeulike.org/user/Xavier/article/2465188 <i>J Bacteriol, Vol. 187, No. 7. (April 2005), pp. 2426-2438.</i><br /><br />Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and the major causative agent of numerous hospital- and community-acquired infections. Staphylococcus epidermidis has emerged as a causative agent of infections often associated with implanted medical devices. We have sequenced the approximately 2.8-Mb genome of S. aureus COL, an early methicillin-resistant isolate, and the approximately 2.6-Mb genome of S. epidermidis RP62a, a methicillin-resistant biofilm isolate. Comparative analysis of these and other staphylococcal genomes was used to explore the evolution of virulence and resistance between these two species. The S. aureus and S. epidermidis genomes are syntenic throughout their lengths and share a core set of 1,681 open reading frames. Genome islands in nonsyntenic regions are the primary source of variations in pathogenicity and resistance. Gene transfer between staphylococci and low-GC-content gram-positive bacteria appears to have shaped their virulence and resistance profiles. Integrated plasmids in S. epidermidis carry genes encoding resistance to cadmium and species-specific LPXTG surface proteins. A novel genome island encodes multiple phenol-soluble modulins, a potential S. epidermidis virulence factor. S. epidermidis contains the cap operon, encoding the polyglutamate capsule, a major virulence factor in Bacillus anthracis. Additional phenotypic differences are likely the result of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which are most numerous in cell envelope proteins. Overall differences in pathogenicity can be attributed to genome islands in S. aureus which encode enterotoxins, exotoxins, leukocidins, and leukotoxins not found in S. epidermidis. Insights on evolution of virulence and resistance from the complete genome analysis of an early methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain and a biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain. SR Gill DE Fouts GL Archer EF Mongodin RT Deboy J Ravel IT Paulsen JF Kolonay L Brinkac M Beanan RJ Dodson SC Daugherty R Madupu SV Angiuoli AS Durkin DH Haft J Vamathevan H Khouri T Utterback C Lee G Dimitrov L Jiang H Qin J Weidman K Tran K Kang IR Hance KE Nelson CM Fraser doi:10.1128/JB.187.7.2426-2438.2005 J Bacteriol, Vol. 187, No. 7. (April 2005), pp. 2426-2438. 2008-03-04T15:53:56-00:00 2005 J Bacteriol 0021-9193 187 7 2426 2438 staph