Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning in humans studied using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging

@article{Gottfried:2002if, abstract = {We combined event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with olfactory classical conditioning to differentiate the neural responses evoked during appetitive and aversive olfactory learning. Three neutral faces {\$[\$}the conditioned stimuli (CS+){\$]\$} were repetitively paired with pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant odors {\$[\$}the unconditioned stimuli (UCS){\$]\$} in a partial reinforcement schedule. A fourth face was never paired to odor {\$[\$}the nonconditioned stimulus (CS-){\$]\$}. Learning-related neural activity, comparing unpaired (face only) CS+ stimuli with CS-, showed valence-independent activations in rostral and caudal orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Medial OFC responded to the appetitive capp) CS+, whereas lateral OFC responded to the aversive (av) CS+. Within nucleus accumbens, neural responses showed divergent activation profiles that increased with time in response to the appCS+ but decreased in response to the avCS+. In posterior amygdala, responses were elicited by the appCS+, which habituated over time. In temporal piriform cortex, neural responses were evoked by the avCS+, which progressively increased with time. These results highlight regional and temporal dissociations during olfactory learning and imply that emotionally salient odors can engender cross-modal associative learning. Moreover, the findings suggest that the role of human primary (piriform) and secondary olfactory cortices transcends their function as mere intermediaries of chemosensory information processing.}, annote = {Cited By: 44, Export Date: 12 September 05, Source: Scopus}, author = {Gottfried, J. A. and O'Doherty, J. and Dolan, R. J. }, citeulike-article-id = {315860}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, keywords = {accumbens, amygdala, and, associative, bibtex-import, conditioning, cortex, emotion, fmri, learning, limbic-lounge, neuroimaging, nucleus, odor, olfaction, orbitofrontal, piriform}, number = {24}, pages = {10829--10837}, posted-at = {2005-09-12 11:18:15}, priority = {1}, title = {Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning in humans studied using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging}, volume = {22}, year = {2002} }

TY - JOUR ID - Gottfried:2002if L3 - citeulike-article-id:315860 TI - Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning in humans studied using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging JF - Journal of Neuroscience VL - 22 IS - 24 SP - 10829 EP - 10837 N2 - We combined event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with olfactory classical conditioning to differentiate the neural responses evoked during appetitive and aversive olfactory learning. Three neutral faces {$[$}the conditioned stimuli (CS+){$]$} were repetitively paired with pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant odors {$[$}the unconditioned stimuli (UCS){$]$} in a partial reinforcement schedule. A fourth face was never paired to odor {$[$}the nonconditioned stimulus (CS-){$]$}. Learning-related neural activity, comparing unpaired (face only) CS+ stimuli with CS-, showed valence-independent activations in rostral and caudal orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Medial OFC responded to the appetitive capp) CS+, whereas lateral OFC responded to the aversive (av) CS+. Within nucleus accumbens, neural responses showed divergent activation profiles that increased with time in response to the appCS+ but decreased in response to the avCS+. In posterior amygdala, responses were elicited by the appCS+, which habituated over time. In temporal piriform cortex, neural responses were evoked by the avCS+, which progressively increased with time. These results highlight regional and temporal dissociations during olfactory learning and imply that emotionally salient odors can engender cross-modal associative learning. Moreover, the findings suggest that the role of human primary (piriform) and secondary olfactory cortices transcends their function as mere intermediaries of chemosensory information processing. KW - accumbens KW - amygdala KW - and KW - associative KW - bibtex-import KW - conditioning KW - cortex KW - emotion KW - fmri KW - learning KW - limbic-lounge KW - neuroimaging KW - nucleus KW - odor KW - olfaction KW - orbitofrontal KW - piriform AU - Gottfried, JA AU - O'Doherty, J AU - Dolan, RJ PY - 2002/// ER -